Preface                                            ix 
  Introduction                                       xi
    Chapter 1:  GIS and the Information Age          1  
      Introduction                                   1  
      Information and Change                         3  
      Why GIS?                                       11 
      What Is GIS?                                   21 
      GIS Principles                                 34 
    Chapter 2:  What Does GIS Do?                    37 
      Introduction                                   37 
      Preview of GIS Functions                       39 
      Modeling                                       49 
      The Nature of GIS                              53 
    Chapter 3:  Spatial Data                         57 
      Introduction                                   57 
      Spatial Data                                   63 
      The GIS Database                               71 
      Attributes                                     73 
      Data Manipulation Options                      75 
      The GIS Relational Database                    77 
      The Database Approach                          80 
    Chapter 4:  Raster and Vector Data               83 
      Introduction                                   83 
      Descriptions:  Raster and Vector               89 
      Raster Data                                    93 
      Vector Data                                    101
      Raster Versus Vector                           105
      Raster to Vector                               107
      Raster and Vector Pros and Cons                111
    Chapter 5:  Topology                             119
      Introduction                                   119
      Topology and Spatial Relationships             123
      Intelligent Structure                          125
      Database Links                                 127
      Topology and Relational Query                  129
      Multiple Connectivity                          131
      Topology's Advantages                          133
    Chapter 6:  Data Entry                           135
      Introduction                                   135
      GIS Data Acquisition                           137
      Remote Sensing                                 139
      General Reference to Thematic Data             147
      Manual Digitizing                              149
      Editing Digitized Data:  Problems              153
      Automatic Digitizing                           156
      Georeferencing                                 163
      Digitized File Conversion                      169
      Database Construction                          171
      GIS and the GPS                                173
      Data Output                                    177
    Chapter 7:  Inventory Operations                 181
      Introduction                                   181
      List Operations                                183
      Database Capabilities                          185
      Linking                                        191
      Graphic Selection Query                        193
      Boolean Queries                                195
      Measurement                                    197
      Statistical Reports                            199
      Coverage Modification                          201
      Graphics Update and Modification               203
      Spatial Deletes                                205
      Dissolve                                       207
      Recode                                         209
      Taking Stock                                   209
    Chapter 8:  Basic Analysis                       211
      Introduction                                   211
      Database Recode                                213
      Thematics to General Reference                 219
      Overlay                                        221
      Map Algebra and Overlay                        229
      Overlay Codes:  Planned Results                233
      Overlay Using Weights                          235
      Matrix:  Add                                   236
      Matrix Recode Overlay                          239
      Vector Overlay                                 241
      Overlay Options                                242
      Clip and Mask                                  245
      Scalar Image                                   249
      Mosaic with Rotate                             251
      Analysis Method                                253
      Buffers                                        255
      Spatial Analysis                               265
      Statistical Reporting and Graphing             267
      Initial Operations in Brief                    267
    Chapter 9:  Advanced Analysis                    269
      Introduction                                   269
      Proximity Analysis                             271
      Graphics Operations                            277
      Terrain Analysis                               281
      Network Operations                             287
    Chapter 10:  Site Suitability and Models         295
      Introduction                                   295
      Overlay                                        305
      Models                                         309
      Application Planning                           325
      Site Suitability and Models Recap              327
    Chapter 11:  Data Issues and Problems            329
      Introduction                                   329
      Raster Problems                                331
      Second-generation Data                         335
      Scale                                          337
      Edge Matching                                  341
      Area and Scale Coverage                        343
      Data Problems                                  344
      Data Issues                                    348
  Glossary                                           351
  Index                                              361