ArchShowcase 
Sumit Singhal
Sumit Singhal loves modern architecture. He comes from a family of builders who have built more than 20 projects in the last ten years near Delhi in India. He has recently started writing about the architectural projects that catch his imagination. Krakow Stadium in Munich, Germany by Bentley Systems, IncorporatedSeptember 28th, 2012 by Sumit Singhal
Article source: Bentley Systems, Incorporated When David Kosdruy and Eike Schling conceptualized their final architectural project to complete a graduate thesis at the Institute for Design and Construction Technology, Technical University of Munich, they settled on the structural behavior behind the design of a 45,000–seat stadium in Krakow, Poland. The project is one of the proposed venues for the 2012 European Football Championship, which Poland and the Ukraine will cohost.  Image Courtesy © Bentley Systems, Incorporated
 Image Courtesy © Bentley Systems, Incorporated Exceptional Design Quality and FIFA Requirements To realize a geometric solution for the stadium roof structure, a crucial element of the planning stage, would require innovative technology. Therefore, Kosdruy and Schling deployed GenerativeComponents to optimize and adjust the roof design to its spatial and functional needs. Empowered by computational methods, designers can direct their creativity to deliver inspired, sustainable buildings that are freer inform and use innovative materials.  Image Courtesy © Bentley Systems, Incorporated The Krakow stadium is the type of design challenge for which GenerativeComponents is well suited. Utilizing this solution, any variable could be adjusted – from the basic dimensions of the facility to the detailed solution of the transparent foil façade. To comply with FIFA requirements Kosdruy and Schling designed the stadium with functional layers that work from the inside out. One requirement is that spectator sightlines could be no more than 95 meters to the center point of the field.  Image Courtesy © Bentley Systems, Incorporated FIFA requirements also call for field dimensions of 68 meters by 105 meters. Additionally, seating bowls must have a maximum slope of 56 centimeters to 80 centimeters, and spectators must be able to view the action from any boundary. FIFA also requires an emergency safeguard that allows spectators to exit in seven minutes.  Image Courtesy © Bentley Systems, Incorporated To meet these requirements, Kosdruy and Schling designed a triangular glass structure that folds itself through each stadium level while adjusting to the volume and shape of each floor. Within this structure Kosdruy and Schling designed restaurants, business lounges, and technical areas by approximating the volume of the different functions. Two horizontal levels connect entrances and public areas on an elliptical perimeter creating a spiraling system of staircases connecting the levels. The result: a shell around the outermost layer that adjusts to the height, width, and spiral geometry of the inner functions, creating a unique and efficient structure. Using GenerativeComponents Kosdruy and Schling programmed a mathematical function to create a given number of spirals around any torus shape. The process allowed spaces and cantilever length to produce an optimal geometry by adjusting them to predefined ranks. Kosdruy and Schling then used the 3D model to script a structural grid on top of the spirals.  Image Courtesy © Bentley Systems, Incorporated The final 3D model consisted of a basic spiral grid with several factors – length, width, height, stretches, and contractions – programmed as variables. This defined an exact foundation ring as well as an inner roof and structural connection ring. In the end, the complete façade structure with 288 polygonal steel beams fit into this predefined geometry. Kosdruy and Schling also used GenerativeComponents to script different geometric possibilities, which determined the number and slope of the spirals, the density of definition points, and other mathematical variables. A façade sub–system was developed by rotating radial axles along the designated spiraling curves. Digital raw models were produced and analyzed using RSTAB static software to calculate the resulting shift from deformations and internal forces. Next, an iterative process was used to test and compare the efficiency of 2D sections and full stadium models of different structural solutions. This enabled Kosdruy and Schling to develop the final stage comprising two separate systems.  Image Courtesy © Bentley Systems, Incorporated The façade structure, which consists of 32 radial beams and eight closed rings to withstand tension and pressure, sits on an elliptical perimeter around the stadium and forms an open basket where a second structurally independent roof system is placed. The façade is braced by16 spirals that carry the staircases. The inner roof, which is held by a lower tension ring pulled back by radial tension cords around the stadium, follows the façade grid. As for the structural system, it relies one quilibrium forces created by the inner tension of the closed elliptical rings. This allows the two systems to work together when joined. The tension cord that pulls at the inner ring is extended in the façade structure, creating an efficient distribution of forces. With the structural system defined, Kosdruy and Schling established a detailed plan of the joints and profiles. To complete the 3D model the duo created small digital models of the different joints and inserted them into the initial raw model file. The completed GenerativeComponents model wasused to layout all structural beams and create ready–to–use machining files. Additionally, 2D milling, 3D milling, 3D prototyping and laser cutting created detailed models of different scales. Indeed, without deploying parametric technology in each design aspect, this particular concept would have been unimaginable. This ability to design complex geometry without reworking documentation allowed the designers to analyze and understand different spiral geometries throughout the process. Additionally, the GenerativeComponents model enabled Kosdruy and Schling to optimize all functions and spaces maximizing accuracy. GenerativeComponents also generated a large number of structural alternatives and adjusted the overall geometry to its structural behavior. Moreover, GenerativeComponents fabrication planning delivered highly complex models in just days rather than months.
Contact Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Category: Stadium |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
|||||
email
Facebook
Twitter
RSS Feed
