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Transportation Engineering : An Introduction
Author: Khisty, C. Jotin / Lall, Kent
Cover: Hard cover
List Price: $106.50
Published by Prentice Hall
Date Published: 06/1998
ISBN: 0131573551
Sample
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xiii
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xiv
1 TRANSPORTATION AS A SYSTEM 1
1. Introduction 1
2. The Field of Transportation Engineering 5
3. The Practice of Transportation 5
Engineering
4. The Nature of Transportation Engineering 6
5. Transportation Viewed as a System 6
6. Transportation Policymaking 8
7. Movement and Transportation 9
8. Overview of Transportation Systems 10
Characteristics
9. Transportation Systems, Hierarchies, 13
and Classification
10. Communications, Transportation, and 18
Transport Gaps
11. Transportation and 22
Transportation-Related Problems
12. Transportation and Sustainability 23
13. Emerging Transport Technologies 25
14. Intermodal Surface Transportation 26
Efficiency Act of 1991
Problems 22
Summary 26
References 28
Exercises 29
2 TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS 31
1. The Scope of Transportation Economics 31
2. Transportation Demand 32
3. Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium 33
4. Sensitivity of Travel Demand 35
5. Factors Affecting Elasticities 38
6. Kraft Demand Model 40
7. Direct and Cross Elasticities 42
8. Consumers' Surplus 44
9. Costs 46
10. Pricing and Subsidy Policies 51
Summary 54
References 55
Exercises 55
3 THE LAND-USE/TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 60
1. Introduction 60
2. Urban System Components 61
3. Concepts and Definitions 62
4. Criteria for Measuring and Comparing 64
Urban Structure
5. Some Selected Theories and Topics 67
6. Land Use and Transportation 75
7. Urban Growth or Decline 79
8. Characteristics of Land-Use Forecasting 80
and the Land-Use Plan
Summary 90
References 91
Exercises 92
4 VEHICLE AND HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS 98
1. Introduction 98
2. A Simplified Framework 99
3. Perception Reaction 104
4. Driver Strategy 105
5. Characteristics of Vehicles 106
6. Kinematics of Vehicles 106
7. Dynamic Characteristics 110
8. Tire Friction 112
Summary 115
References 116
Exercises 116
5 TRAFFIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS 118
1. Introduction 118
2. The Nature of Traffic Flow 118
3. Approaches to Understanding Traffic Flow 119
4. Parameters Connected with Traffic Flow 119
5. Categories of Traffic Flow 128
6. The Uninterrupted Traffic Flow Model 129
7. Analysis of Speed, Flow, and Density 130
Relationship
8. Empirical Studies of Traffic Stream 133
Characteristics
9. Trajectory Diagrams 141
10. General Model of Vehicle Stream Flow 148
11. Centrally Versus Individually 154
Controlled Modes
Summary 157
References 157
Exercises 157
6 GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS 163
1. Introduction 163
2. Locational Design 163
3. Design Controls and Criteria 164
4. Elements of Design 178
5. Cross-Section Elements 208
References 217
Exercises 217
7 HIGHWAY CAPACITY 220
1. Introduction 220
2. Highway Capacity and Level of Service 221
3. Basic Freeway Capacity Studies 222
4. Multilane Highway Capacity 239
5. Two-Lane Highway Capacity 252
Summary 247
References 268
Exercises 268
8 INTERSECTION CONTROL AND DESIGN 271
1. Introduction 271
2. Types of Intersections 271
3. Design Considerations and Objectives 273
4. Traffic Control Devices 274
5. Conflict Areas at Intersections 275
6. Types of Intersection Controls 276
7. Traffic Signals 281
Summary 315
References 315
Exercises 316
9 AT-GRADE INTERSECTION CAPACITY AND LEVEL 318
OF SERVICE
1. Introduction 318
2. Capacity and Level of Service 319
3. Capacity of Signalized Intersections 320
4. Level of Service for Signalized 321
Intersections
5. Other Analyses 349
6. Signalization Details 355
7. Unsignalized Intersections 366
Summary 384
References 388
Exercises 389
10 PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION 396
1. Introduction 396
2. Historical Development of Urban 397
Transportation
3. Mass Transit Definitions and 403
Classifications
4. Transit System Operations, Service, and 405
Characteristics
5. Family of Regular Transit Modes 407
6. Classification of Urban Transport 412
Demands
7. Capacity and Level of Service of Urban 415
Transit
8. Operational Design 420
9. Screening of Transportation Modal Options 427
10. Routes and Networks 434
11. Planning Concerns and Planning 436
Guidelines
Summary 443
References 443
Exercises 444
11 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING 449
1. Introduction 449
2. Organization 450
3. Planning Work Program 451
4. Transportation Plan 451
5. Plan Refinement 452
6. Transportation Improvement Program 452
7. The Continuing Process 452
8. Overview of Information Needs 453
9. Travel Forecasting 455
10. Overview of the Forecasting Process 457
11. Urban Activity Forecasts 458
12. Trip Generation 460
13. Trip Distribution 477
14. Mode Usage 491
15. Trip Assignment 497
16. Back-of-the-Envelope-Type Calculations 511
17. Specification, Calibration, and 513
Validation
Summary 514
References 515
Exercises 516
12 LOCAL AREA TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 524
1. Introduction 524
2. Pedestrian Facilities 524
3. Bicycle Facilities 541
4. Traffic Planning and Management, at the 547
Local Level
5. Parking and Terminal Facilities 553
Summary 566
References 566
Exercises 567
13 ENERGY ISSUES CONNECTED WITH 570
TRANSPORTATION
1. Introduction 570
2. Energy Issues in Transportation 571
3. Energy Conservation 574
4. Energy Contingency Strategies 580
5. Energy Analysis Information and Methods 582
Summary 594
References 595
Exercises 597
14 TSM PLANNING: FRAMEWORK 599
1. Introduction 599
2. What Is TSM? 599
3. The Need for TSM 601
4. Long-Range versus TSM Planning 602
5. TSM Planning Cycle 602
6. TSM Strategies 605
7. TSM Classification: Assessment of 607
Impacts
8. Air Quality Impacts 608
9. Strategic Management Framework for TSM 611
10. Experience with Freeway Corridors: An 616
Example
11. Case Study: White Plains CBD Study 618
12. Transportation-Demand Management 625
Summary 626
References 628
Exercises 629
15 EVALUATION OF TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT 632
1. Introduction 632
2. Feasibility Issues 633
3. Evaluation Issues 633
4. The Evaluation Process 634
5. Values, Goals, Objectives, Criteria, 636
and Standards
6. Estimation of Costs, Impacts, and 637
Performance Levels
7. Evaluation of Alternatives 639
8. Economic and Financial Concepts 640
9. Analysis Techniques 641
10. Reporting Results 655
Summary 655
References 658
Exercises 659
16 TRANSPORTATION SAFETY 663
1. Introduction 663
2. The Highway Safety Problem 664
3. Safety Responsibility 664
4. Typical Accident Categories 666
5. The Highway Safety Improvement Program 667
6. Examples 690
Summary 692
References 694
Exercises 695
APPENDIX ELEMENTS OF ENGINEERING ECONOMICS 697
1. Introduction 697
2. Notation 697
3. Simple Interest 698
4. Compound Interest 698
5. Uniform Series of Payments 699
6. Uniform Gradient Series 702
7. Discrete Compound Interest Factors 703
8. Uniform Continuous Cash Flow and 703
Capitalized Cost
References 705
Exercises 705
INDEX 707
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