Preface                                            xi  
  Acknowledgments                                    xiii
    1.  Introduction                                 1   
      Brief History of Computer Graphics and         2   
      Computer-Aided Design
      A Brief Description of How CAD Works           7   
      About This Book                                13  
      Villa Rotonda                                  16  
      Examples                                       19  
    2.  Basic Concepts:  2D Drawing                  24  
      2D Graphic Objects                             24  
      2D Coordinate Systems and Point                26  
      Specification
      Geometric and Visual Aids                      28  
      Basic Operations                               32  
      Viewing                                        34  
      Structure: Layers and Symbols                  36  
      Printing and Plotting                          38  
      Drawing Strategies                             39  
    3.  Drawing Tutorial 1:  Drawing Setup           43  
      AutoCAD's User Interface                       44  
      Setting Up a Drawing                           54  
      Drawing a Skeleton of Construction Lines       59  
    4.  Drawing Tutorial 2:  Drawing Shapes          67  
      Volume (Space) Outlines of the Main Volume     67  
      Solid Volumes of the Entry Portico             71  
      The Villa's Base                               74  
      Openings-Doors and Windows                     78  
      Plotting the Drawing on a Printer              81  
      Voids in the Base Level                        84  
      The Base-Level Openings                        85  
      The Second-Level Volumes                       86  
      The Second-Level Slab                          88  
      The Second-Level Openings                      88  
    5.  Basic Concepts:  3D Modeling                 91  
      3D Coordinate Systems                          91  
      Construction Planes                            94  
      3D Geometric Primitives                        94  
      Sweeping Operations                            97  
      Skinning Operations                            98  
      Boolean Operations                             100 
      Basic 3D Operations                            105 
      Topological Editing                            108 
      Parametric Variation                           111 
      Structuring 3D Models                          112 
      Modeling Strategies                            113 
      Viewing                                        115 
      Hidden-Line Removal                            126 
      Post-Processing                                129 
    6.  Modeling Tutorial 1:  Extrusion and          132 
    Viewing
      3D Extrusion:  The Base Level                  132 
      Setting Up Multiple Viewports                  137 
      3D Extrusion:  The First Level                 139 
      3D Extrusion:  The Second Level                144 
      Perspective Viewing                            149 
    7.  Modeling Tutorial 2:  Construction Planes    153 
      Saving the Views                               153 
      Modeling the Portico Stairs                    155 
      Modeling the Architrave and the Cornice        165 
      Modeling the Pediment                          169 
      Modeling the Portico's Arched Openings         172 
      Modeling the Arched Openings in the Sala       175 
      Creating a Two-Point Perspective               179 
    8.  Modeling Tutorial 3:  Boolean Operations     183 
      Modeling the Roof                              183 
      Modeling the Dome                              190 
      Completing the Base Level                      194 
      Completing the First Level                     199 
      Completing the Second Level                    201 
    9.  Modeling Tutorial 4:  Viewing                206 
      Creating a 2D Drawing from an Axonometric      206 
      View
      Creating a Plan Oblique View of the Model      211 
      Creating 2D Drawings from Perspective          212 
      Projections
      Creating an Exploded View                      217 
      Creating a 2D Section                          221 
      Creating a Sectional Perspective               224 
      Laying Out Multiple Views in Paper Space       227 
    10.  Basic Concepts:  Rendering                  244 
      Lighting                                       244 
      Shadow Casting                                 251 
      Other Light Properties                         254 
      Surface Properties                             256 
      Image Mapping                                  265 
      Rendering Techniques                           273 
      Rendering Strategies                           280 
      Digital Representation of Images               291 
      Image Processing and Composition               298 
      Digitizing Images                              303 
      Printing Images                                305 
    11.  Rendering Tutorial 1:  Lighting             308 
      Modifying the Model                            308 
      Flat and Smooth Shading                        309 
      Distant Lights                                 318 
      Shadows                                        325 
      "Key" and "Fill" Lights                        333 
      Point Lights                                   338 
      Spotlights                                     341 
    12.  Rendering Tutorial 2:  Materials            345 
      Deleting the Scenes and Lights                 345 
      Defining and Attaching Materials               347 
      Reflectivity and Transparency                  355 
      Image Mapping                                  360 
    13.  Basic Concepts:  Animation and Virtual      369 
    Reality
      Animation                                      369 
      Animation Strategies                           373 
      Computational Strategies                       379 
      Video Post-Processing                          380 
      Virtual Reality                                381 
      The VR Surrogates                              383 
      Holography                                     383 
    14.  Animation Tutorial:  Animating Camera       387 
    and Light
      Deleting the Material Definitions              388 
      Drive-by Animation                             389 
      Compiling an Animation                         394 
      Playing an Animation                           395 
      Panning Animation                              398 
      Fly-around Animation                           400 
      Walk-through Animation                         406 
      Animating Lights                               412 
  Appendix                                           417 
  Index                                              419