Exploring Spatial Analysis in GIS

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Brief

Exploring Spatial Analysis in GIS
Author: Chou, Yue-Hong

Cover: cover
Pages: 474
List Price: $55.95
Published by Onword Pr
Date Published: 12/1996
ISBN: 1566901197

Table of Contents

Introduction ..... xi

Chapter 1: Introduction to Spatial Analysis ..... 1

Definition of GIS ..... 1
GIS Components ..... 3
- Spatial Data ..... 3
  Personnel ..... 4
  Hardware ..... 6
  Software ..... 8
Using GIS for Spatial Analysis ..... 15
Significance of Spatial Analysis ..... 20
GIS Usage in Spatial Analysis ..... 21
Spatial Analysis Applications ..... 29
- Analysis of Landscape Connectivity ..... 32
  Modeling Wildfire Distribution ..... 34
  Analysis of Air Transportation Accessibility ..... 36
  School Bus Routing ..... 37
Summary ..... 41

Chapter 2: Spatial Data ..... 43

Spatial and Aspatial Analyses ..... 45
Representation of Spatial Objects ..... 51
Basic Elements of Spatial Information ..... 56
Required Data Elements ..... 59
Data Structures ..... 62
- Raster Data Structure ..... 63
  Vector Data Structure ..... 66
Arc-node Data Model ..... 69
Summary ..... 76
Exercise ..... 77

Chapter 3: Quantification of Spatial Analysis ..... 81

Measurement of Location ..... 82
- Geographic Grid System ..... 84
Coordinate Systems ..... 97
- UTM System ..... 98
Basic Measurements of Spatial Features ..... 103
Attribute Data Measurement ..... 107
- Measurement Levels ..... 108
  Central Tendency and Dispersion ..... 110
Summary ..... 116
Exercise ..... 117

Chapter 4: Single Layer Operations ..... 119

Feature Manipulation ..... 121
- Boundary Operations ..... 121
  
  Proximity Analysis ..... 130
Feature Identification and Selection ..... 134
Feature Classification ..... 140
Summary ..... 148
Exercise ..... 149

Chapter 5: Multiple Layer Operations ..... 153

Overlay Analysis ..... 154
- UNION ..... 156
  INTERSECT ..... 157
  IDENTITY ..... 158
  Frequency/Density ..... 162
Proximity Analysis ..... 165
- NEAR ..... 166
  POINTDISTANCE ..... 168
Spatial Correlation Analysis ..... 169
- Contingency Table and Test of Goodness-of-Fit ..... 171
  Correlation Coefficient ..... 175
  Simple Linear Regression ..... 179
Summary ..... 181
Exercise ..... 182

Chapter 6: Point Pattern Analysis ..... 187

Descriptive Statistics of Point Features ..... 188
Spatial Arrangement ..... 193
- Nearest Neighbor Index ..... 195
  Quadrat Analysis and Poisson Process ..... 199
Spatial Autocorrelation ..... 202
Sampling Point Features ..... 205
- Aspatial Sampling ..... 206
  Spatial Sampling ..... 207
  Spatial Association ..... 209
Summary 210
Exercise 212

Chapter 7: Network Analysis ..... 215

Data Requirements in Network Analysis ..... 216
Evaluation of
Chapter 8: Spatial Modeling ..... 265
- Model Building ..... 267
  - Delineation of Geographic Units ..... 270
    Structural and Spatial Factors ..... 272
  Multiple Regression ..... 276
  - Significance Tests ..... 280
  Logistic Regression ..... 282
  Data Manipulation and INFO Programming ..... 239
  Summary 302
  Exercise ..... 303
Chapter 9: Surface Analysis ..... 309
- Organization of Surface Information ..... 311
  - Irregularly Spaced Points ..... 311
    Tessellation ..... 313
    Digitized Contours ..... 317
    Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs) ..... 318
  Spatial Interpolation ..... 320
  - Interpolation from Contours ..... 320
    Gridding ..... 322
    Estimation ..... 327
    Triangulation ..... 329
    Global Approximation ..... 333
    Kriging ..... 334
  Surface Analysis Applications ..... 336
  - Isarithmic Mapping ..... 336
    Topographic Profile ..... 341
    Perspective Diagram ..... 343
    Thiessen Polygons ..... 346
    Other Applications ..... 347
  Summary ..... 349
  Exercise ..... 351
Chapter 10: Grid Analysis ..... 353
- Spatial Properties of Grid Data ..... 356
  Data Value Assignment ..... 358Grid Operations ..... 361
  - Local Functions ..... 362
    Focal Functions ..... 364
  Zonal Functions ..... 366
  - Global Functions ..... 367
  Grid-based Spatial Analysis ..... 370
  - Diffusion Modeling ..... 370
    Connectivity Analysis ..... 374
  Summary ..... 382
  Exercise ..... 384
Chapter 11: Decision Making in Spatial Analysis ..... 387
- Qualitative Approach ..... 389
  - Definition of Issue ..... 389
    Identification of Required Data ..... 392
    Derivative and Issue Maps ..... 397
    Morphological Analysis ..... 403
  Quantitative Approach ..... 406
  - Problem Setting ..... 407
    Definition of Geographic Units ..... 408
    Specification of Variables ..... 415
    Construction of Statistical Models ..... 416
    Interpretation of Results ..... 420
  Summary ..... 421
Glossary ..... 425
References ..... 453
Index ..... 463