ArchShowcase 
Sumit Singhal
Sumit Singhal loves modern architecture. He comes from a family of builders who have built more than 20 projects in the last ten years near Delhi in India. He has recently started writing about the architectural projects that catch his imagination. Campus Roskilde in Denmark by Henning Larsen ArchitectsFebruary 1st, 2014 by Sumit Singhal
Article source: Henning Larsen Architects Programme: Campus Roskilde unifies the professional bachelor educations for teachers, kindergarten teachers, social educators, social workers and physiotherapists. Campus Roskilde facilitates more than 50 classrooms, a workshop zone, a multi-purpose hall, a science zone, clinic zone, music & drama zone, conference rooms, auditoriums, library, cafeteria, café, group- and meeting rooms, and study space.  Image Courtesy © Peter Jarvad
 Image Courtesy © Kontraframe Campus Roskilde Concept Campus Roskilde stages dialogue and random meetings, and provides the students with a feeling of being part of a manifold university environment beating with one pulse. The random meetings are important in the design, and they create learning spaces for the students both to socialize, but also to share knowledge and experiences.  Image Courtesy © Kontraframe The learning environment comprises zones for contemplation and concentration as well as zones for communication to meet both the students’ and teachers’ need for changing between various learning and working methods. The buildings at Campus Roskilde have a clear layout staging the many contact points and the interaction between the different user groups, across departments, faculties, and academic fields. The campus consists of four square buildings. These have been slightly rotated towards each other in order to screen the area from the highway and create a more intimate and varied space around the campus square.  Image Courtesy © Kontraframe Daylight Daylight is a central architectural tool that emphasizes the viewer’s experience of being present in the moment at a specific place. Daylight is also a crucial parameter for energy efficiency. All offices and classrooms provide plentiful daylight because of their location along the peripheral zones. Energy optimisation has been implemented in every aspect of the buildings. Campus Roskilde favors passive and economically-viable sustainable features over the expensive technical installations. Natural ventilation, daylight, and orientation ensure excellent effects for minimal budget. Furthermore, all artificial light fixtures employ daylight and movement sensors, ensuring 350 lux or more in all classrooms and significantly reducing operational costs.  Image Courtesy © Kontraframe The building complex is designed as 4 separate buildings linked together to create one school. The buildings’ core is held in place by two facades. Towards the South, East, and West a local yellow brick façade is the buildings acoustic barrier toward the highway. Furthermore, windows are placed in the façade to allow optimum daylight into classrooms and meeting spaces. A structural glazing façade towards the North opens the building towards the surrounding university and allows the softer Northern light into the building. Acoustic gypsum and glass walls are used extensively throughout the interior of the building, creating a visually open and acoustically comfortable environment. The ground floor is covered in polished concrete and the upper levels have coloured linoleum floors.  Image Courtesy © Kontraframe Inclusive design Campus Roskilde promotes inclusiveness through the concept “many brains, one pulse”. This means that through the accumulation of many different study programs in one location, and a design that facilitates random meetings between people, the community members are unified as one. Because of the openness and brightness of the campus it promotes the communication among students from the same, or different, study-programmes.  Image Courtesy © Peter Jarvad The profession specific education-programmes is characterised by varying teaching methods. Therefore, flexible rooms have been incorporated in the campus. These are susceptible to alterations and can embrace the different needs which will arise during the week and year. This means that Campus Roskilde has spaces for brainstorming, mass meetings, project groups, space for contemplation, space for development physically and creatively and space for group teachings in varying sizes etc. Roskilde Campus reflects present conditions, and is a place known for being a humane house adapted to the humane educations. The rooms reflect the different professions and their different needs.  Image Courtesy © Peter Jarvad Accessibility Accessibility was a minimum requirement for the building. All areas of the building are accessible by wheelchair and all service areas are located directly near the circulation. This means that stairs and lifts are situated close to one another, which makes it easy to navigate at the campus for people in wheelchairs. Furthermore, the ramps next to the additional staircases make all rooms wheelchair accessible. These features embrace diversity. Most students walk or ride a bike to Campus Roskilde. Therefore, the arrival to the institution is on the terms of the pedestrians and cyclists. Their convenience is highly prioritised with wide bike lanes and less space for car traffic.  Image Courtesy © Peter Jarvad An extraordinary cantilever marks the entrance of Campus Roskilde and makes it easily visible, and easy to find. This covered plaza at the entrance of Campus Roskilde consists of a 22m x 24m cantilever, estimated to be the largest cantilever constructed in Denmark. This cantilever shapes a protected central node for student interaction and leisure. The plaza leads directly to an open indoor/outdoor workshop with level accessibility for all. The workshop is connected to numerous apertures in the north façade, extracting learning activities and exhibitions into the outdoor environment.  Image Courtesy © Henning Larsen Architects Social design At the north side of the building the pavement encourages recreation and activities. In their spare time the students can socialise in this area through play and movement. The difference in level is adapted with stairs and the natural sloping of the ground is integrated as easy access for the disabled. Furthermore parking for disabled and space for drop off is provided in front of the building. In Campus Roskilde the aesthetics and the functional is unified. In order to create a comfortable learning and teaching environment the acoustics, lighting, and ventilation of the buildings are highly prioritized.  Image Courtesy © Henning Larsen Architects User specific design Firstly, daylight is a central theme for Henning Larsen Architects. It influences our senses and puts focus on life and the present moment. Campus Roskilde is designed as an instrument that reflects daylight and allows the architecture to provide a brilliant frame work for education. The electric lights and ventilation system are needs-based with automatic controls that takes the students’ and teachers’ needs into consideration. Furthermore, the facade is built to decrease fluctuations in temperature, in order to make it more comfortable for the users.  Image Courtesy © Henning Larsen Architects In a campus with such a diverse programme special acoustic initiatives has been made in order to create spaces for quiet activities and spaces for noisy activities, such as sports. Each room is acoustically adapted to the current activity. For example, the atrium is designed with an acoustic that takes multi-purpose activities into account and in the auditoriums the acoustics are adapted to speak without echo. Furthermore the south façade is designed as sound insulation to decrease the traffic noise from the highway. Campus Roskilde promotes a new technology known as CTS. CTS measures prices of electricity suppliers and can consequently direct which type of energy supply is used throughout the day. CTS simultaneously measures the expected annual consumption of electricity for Campus Roskilde, thereby minimizing district heating and mediating heavy traffic on the power grid. The vision for Campus Roskilde is to clarify socially conscious design, elucidating sustainability for users, external stakeholders and the Roskilde municipality.  Image Courtesy © Henning Larsen Architects Community impact Due to the fact that Campus Roskilde is an educational institution it has specific benefits to the surrounding local community and the internal campus community. The new and bigger campus also welcomes more students, which invite more student activity to campus. Furthermore, the nice study areas, and many possibilities for doing school work, will also result in the students spending more time on campus. Ultimately it will result in young newcomers to the area, because of the large education facilities. This means that Trekroner and Roskilde will become more attractive to students, and ultimately the area will benefit from the accumulation of young people. The design focuses on the meeting between students from different study programmes, which creates a tighter community. As a student announce: “Campus Roskilde has been a radical change for the students given that it gathers so many different study programmes. However, we get the opportunity to approach each other’s educations and make out something of each other’s subject knowledge. We can remove prejudices and through the meeting of other’s subject knowledge we will become more settled in our own field. This means that the level improves. Additionally, the interdisciplinary professional discussion is of great value.”  Image Courtesy © Henning Larsen Architects Firstly, there are the obvious, tangible features of the building. This includes the fact that Campus Roskilde consists of four square buildings – slightly rotated towards each other to screen from the highway and create a more intimate, varied space around the campus square. This protective shield benefits Roskilde University as well as the neighbouring dorms in regards to the noise level from the highway. Secondly, the entire design of the campus has been focused on the well-being of the students. Due to the shielding form the highway a new meeting place is created between the urban quarter of Trekroner and the green areas around Roskilde University. Under the overhang of the main building, a roofed square opens up to the rest of the campus area and create life and a sense of community among the students. constrL dipO PN . This cantilever shapes a protected central node for student interaction and leisure. The plaza leads directly to an open indoor/outdoor workshop with level accessibility for all. The workshop is connected to numerous apertures in the north façade, extracting learning activities and exhibitions into the outdoor environment. Social design At the north side of the building the pavement encourages recreation and activities. In their spare time the students can socialise in this area through play and movement. The difference in level is adapted with stairs and the natural sloping of the ground is integrated as easy access for the disabled. Furthermore parking for disabled and space for drop off is provided in front of the building. In Campus Roskilde the aesthetics and the functional is unified. In order to create a comfortable learning and teaching environment the acoustics, lighting, and ventilation of the buildings are highly prioritized.  Image Courtesy © Henning Larsen Architects User specific design Firstly, daylight is a central theme for Henning Larsen Architects. It influences our senses and puts focus on life and the present moment. Campus Roskilde is designed as an instrument that reflects daylight and allows the architecture to provide a brilliant frame work for education. The electric lights and ventilation system are needs-based with automatic controls that takes the students’ and teachers’ needs into consideration. Furthermore, the facade is built to decrease fluctuations in temperature, in order to make it more comfortable for the users. In a campus with such a diverse programme special acoustic initiatives has been made in order to create spaces for quiet activities and spaces for noisy activities, such as sports. Each room is acoustically adapted to the current activity. For example, the atrium is designed with an acoustic that takes multi-purpose activities into account and in the auditoriums the acoustics are adapted to speak without echo. Furthermore the south façade is designed as sound insulation to decrease the traffic noise from the highway. Campus Roskilde promotes a new technology known as CTS. CTS measures prices of electricity suppliers and can consequently direct which type of energy supply is used throughout the day. CTS simultaneously measures the expected annual consumption of electricity for Campus Roskilde, thereby minimizing district heating and mediating heavy traffic on the power grid. The vision for Campus Roskilde is to clarify socially conscious design, elucidating sustainability for users, external stakeholders and the Roskilde municipality. Sustainability Campus Roskilde is characterised by a significant green profile where the displaced buildings will help to optimise the energy consumption and make the campus adaptable to possible extensions in the future. Sustainability is crucial to Henning Larsen Architects and is implemented early in the design process. The ambition for Campus Roskilde was to meet the standards of Danish building regulations BR08, corresponding to approximately 52 kWh/m2/year. This objective is met solely by means of energy-reducing and optimising measures – Roskilde Campus consumes approx. 48,7 kWh/m2/year. Furthermore, optimum indoor environment for guests, employees, and students is created. Campus Roskilde is flexible and future-proofed solutions for installations, constructions and security. In connection to this Henning Larsen Architects created a building with robustness, a long lifespan, and operational reliability. Throughout the entire process there was a focus on CO2-reduction in the construction and operation of the institution. Daylight Daylight optimisation has been an essential focus. A daylight-optimised building directly influences the energy consumption for cooling, ventilation, artificial lighting and the heating bill. Thus, incorporating the use of daylight in project processes has a number of positive effects towards sustainable design. Because of the fact that the building is very deep, the atrium was created to introduce light to the middle of the building. The design of the atrium contributes to increasing the amount of daylight on the square. By means of high floors and glass in front of teaching rooms and offices, the daylight is allowed far into the various floors of the building. Daylight is a crucial parameter for energy efficiency and student productivity in the design of Campus Roskilde. All offices and classrooms are provided plentiful daylight due to location along peripheral zones. Due to this organization, Campus Roskilde has achieved an overall daylight factor of 2 percent in all student and teaching facilities. Detailed daylight simulations developed with the softwares Ecotect and Radiance helped determine optimal orientation and position of academic functions in relation to sunlight. The local climate is analyzed to extract daylight patterns and typical factors in the local weather system. In response, first level classrooms have a depth of 6,5 meters and second level rooms have a depth of 9 meters in order to attain optimal daylight conditions. The height of the ground floor is increased to maximize deep penetration of natural light. There are also several initiatives regarding the lighting in the building. High-efficiency, low-energy lighting featuring daylight sensors has been installed in the building, which ensures a minimum of 350 lux in all rooms at all times. The energy consumption for lighting is kept at 10 W/m2 despite the high lux value. This ensures very low energy consumption for lighting. Indoor climate A key element in the sustainable design of Campus Roskilde is the use of thermal mass. The concrete structure combined with the south-facing, heavy facade, this results in a building with a substantial thermal mass. It has been important to use a material with this substantial thermal mass, in order to prevent overheating and thus reduce the need for additional cooling and heating. Furthermore, the building is very deep, instead of wide, which gives it a smaller facade-area, which is also a contributing factor in being more energy efficient. Another focus point as to sustainability is ventilation. Campus Roskilde applies a well-known ventilation concept. The general ventilation concept is based on mechanical ventilation in most of the building, supplemented with natural ventilation in the atrium. According to studies of a highly exposed teaching room to the south, among others, the ventilation concept ensures an optimal indoor air quality with very few hours above the tolerance values. The studies also show that the temperature in the teaching room only exceeds 25 °C in eight hours a year during school hours and never exceeds 26 °C. This is much better than normal. All rooms feature needs-based ventilation, which minimises operation and thus energy consumption. The building is also fitted with high-efficiency ventilation systems featuring rotating exchangers as far as possible. This makes the heat stay inside the building when needed. When extra heating is needed the Campus is heated with district heating. Facade design Roskilde Campus facade provides a high degree of insulation for reduced heating requirements and CO2 emissions. The south facade is brick with 275mm thermal insulation and 3-ply energy-efficient windows and primarily features deep windows that provide shade in the building and reduce traffic. Thermal analysis supports 200mm insulation in the concrete slab and 275mm insulation in the facade. This contributes to reduce fluctuations in temperature. This means that the facade makes the building less susceptible to fluctuations induced by heavy student population and direct sunlight. The north facade is a glass curtain wall with low heat loss of approximately 0.7 W/m2K. Further reduction of energy consumption is possible by installing solar panels and photovoltaics, which the campus is designed to support. Installation of 100m2 of solar panels and 1200m2 of photovoltaics is encouraged. If Roskilde Campus installs the suggested solar panels and photovoltaics, electricity consumption would be provided for all basic infrastructural operations, rendering the building energy-neutral.
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